Transformadorea (indar elektrikoa) indukzio elektromagnetikoaren printzipioa erabiltzen duen gailua da, AC tentsioa aldatzeko. Osagai nagusiak bobina primarioa, bigarren mailako bobina eta burdinaren nukleoa (nukleo magnetikoa) dira. Funtzio nagusiak hauexek dira: tentsio eraldaketa, korronte eraldaketa, inpedantziaren eraldaketa, isolamendua, tentsio egonkortzea (saturazio magnetikoko transformadorea), etab. erregulatzailea, meatze transformadorea, audio transformadorea, tarteko maiztasun transformadorea, maiztasun handiko transformadorea, inpaktu transformatzailea, instrumentu transformadorea, transformadore elektronikoa), erreaktoreak, transformadoreak, etab.). Zirkuituaren sinboloek T erabiltzen dute zenbakiaren hasieran. Adibidea: T01, T201, etab.
Irteerako erreaktorea: bihurgailutik motorraren kablearen irteeraren luzera produktuaren zehaztutako balioa baino handiagoa denean, irteerako erreaktore bat gehitu beharko litzateke akoplatutako kapazitate elektrikoaren karga eta isurketaren eragina konpentsatzeko. kablea martxan dago, bihurgailuen fluxua ekiditeko. Irteera dv / dt erreaktorea: bihurgailuaren irteerako tentsioaren igoera-tasa mugatzeko, motorraren isolamendua normala dela ziurtatzeko. Uhin sinusoidalaren iragazkia: bihurgailuaren irteerako tentsioa eta korrontea uhin sinusoidunera gerturatu, motorraren domeinu harmonikoaren koefizientea eta motorraren isolamendu-presioa murriztu. Aukera hauek bihurgailuaren irteera aldean instalatu beharko lirateke.
Honako hau da produktuaren eredua eta bere sarrera ：
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4NC5112-0BC20；4NC5112-0CB21；4NC5112-2BC20；4NC5112-2CB21；4NC5113-0BC20；4NC5113-0CB21；4NC5113-2BC20；4NC5113-2CB21；4NC5115-0CC21；4NC5115-2CC21；4NC5117-0CC21；4NC5117-0DA21；4NC5117-2CC21；4NC5117-2DA21；4NC5121-0CC21；4NC5121-0DC21；4NC5121-2CC21；4NC5121-2DC21；4NC5121-2FA21；4NC5122-0CE21；4NC5122-0DE21；4NC5122-2CE21；4NC5122-2DE21；4NC5122-2FC21；4NC5123-0CE20；4NC5123-0CE21；4NC5123-0DE21；4NC5123-2CE20；4NC5123-2CE21；4NC5123-2DE21；4NC5123-2FC21；4NC5124-2FE21；4NC5125-2FE21；4NC5126-2FE21；4NC5222-0CE21；4NC5222-0DE21；4NC5222-2CE21；4NC5222-2DE21；4NC5223-0CE21；4NC5223-0DE21；4NC5223-2CE21；4NC5223-2DE21；4NC5224-0CE20；4NC5224-0CE21；4NC5224-0DE21；4NC5224-2CE20；4NC5224-2CE21；4NC5224-2DE21；4NC5225-0CE21；4NC5225-0DE21；4NC5225-2CE21；4NC5225-2DE21；4NC5227-2FE21；4NC5228-2FE21；4NC5231-2FE21；4NC5232-2FE21；4NC5325-0CE20；4NC5325-0CE21；4NC5325-0DE21；4NC5325-2CE20；4NC5325-2CE21；4NC5325-2DE21；4NC5326-0CE21；4NC5326-0DE21；4NC5326-2CE21；4NC5326-2DE21；4NC5327-0CE21；4NC5327-0DE21；4NC5327-2CE21；4NC5327-2DE21；4NC5328-2CE20；4NC5330-0CE21；4NC5330-0DE21；4NC5330-2CE21；4NC5330-2DE21；4NC5331-2DE21；4NC5431-0CH20；4NC5431-0CH21；4NC5431-0DH21；4NC5431-2CH21；4NC5431-2DH21；4NC5432-0CH21；4NC5432-0DH21；4NC5432-2CH21；4NC5432-2DH21；4NC5433-0CH20；4NC5433-0DH21；4NC5433-2CH20；4NC5433-2DH21；4NC5434-0CH21；4NC5434-2CH20；4NC5434-2CH21；4NC5435-0CH21；4NC5435-0DH21；4NC5435-2CH21；4NC5435-2DH21；4NC5436-2DK21；4NC5438-0CJ21；4NC5438-2CJ21；4NC5438-2DL21；4NC5440-0CJ21；4NC5440-2CJ21；4NC5440-2DM21；4NC5441-2CN21；4NC5441-2DN21；4NC5923-5LT21；4NC5925-5LT21；4NC5930-5LT21；4NC5940-5LT21；
7KT1223；7KT1222；7KT1260；7KT1542；7KT1548；7KT9030；7KT1546；7KT1545；7KT1543；7KT1540；7KT1242；7KT1238；7KT1900；7KT1664；7KT1666；7KT1533；7KT1668；7KT1236；7KT1662；7KT1682；7KT1531；7KT1673；7KT1233；7KT1671；7KT1665；7KT1907；7KT1667；7KT1530；7KT1908；7KT1661；7KT1663；7KT1681；7KT1672；7KT1670；7KT1652；7KT1654；7KT1656；7KT1110；7KT1120；7KT1200；7KT1651；7KT1653；7KT1655；7KT1202；7KT1201；7KT5600；7KT5823；7KT5833；7KT5822；7KT5821；7KT5801；7KT1255；7KT5500；7KT1254；7KT9010；7KT9011；7KT5812；7KT5814；7KT5811；7KT5601；7KT5602；7KT5603；7KT5604；7KT5802；7KT5803；7KT5804；7KT5806；7KT5807；7KT5505；7KT5501；7KT5502；7KT5503；7KT5504；7KT9000；7KT9021；7KT9020；
Lanaren printzipioa:
Transformadorea burdineko nukleoz (edo nukleo magnetikoaz) eta bobina batez osatuta dago. Bobinak bi bobina edo gehiago ditu. Energia hornidurarekin konektatutako haizea bobina primarioa deitzen da, eta gainerako haizeak bigarren mailako bobinak deitzen dira. AC tentsioa, korrontea eta inpedantzia eraldatu ditzake. Burdinaren nukleo eraldatzaile errazena burdinazko nukleo batez osatutako burdinezko nukleoz eta bira desberdineko bi bobinaz osatuta dago.
Nukleoaren eginkizuna bi bobinen arteko lotura magnetikoa indartzea da. Burdinean korronte zurrunbiloa eta histeresi galera murrizteko, nukleoa siliziozko altzairuzko xaflez egina dago; ez dago konexiorik elektrikoen artean bi bobinen artean, eta bobinak isolatutako kobrezko hariak (edo aluminiozko hariak) daude. AC energia-iturrira konektatutako bobina deritzo bobina primarioari (edo bobina primarioari), eta bestea aparatu elektrikoari konektatuta dagoen bobina bigarren mailako bobina (edo bigarren mailako bobina) deitzen zaio. Benetako transformadorea oso korapilatsua da, eta ezinbestean kobre galera (bobinen erresistentzia berotzea), burdina galtzea (burdinaren nukleoa berotzea) eta ihes magnetikoa (airez itxitako indukzio magnetikoa) eta abar daude eztabaida sinplifikatzeko. transformatzaile aproposa hemen sartzen da. Ezar daitekeen transformadore ideal bat izateko baldintzak hauek dira: ihes-fluxua alde batera utzi, bobina primarioen eta sekundarioen erresistentzia alde batera utzi, nukleoaren galera baztertu eta karga gabeko korrontea alde batera utzi (korrontea bigarren mailako bobina primarioan bobina irekita dago). Adibidez, potentzia transformatzailea karga osoan exekutatzen denean (bigarren mailako bobinaren irteera potentzia nominala), transformadore idealetik gertu dago.
Transformadoreak indukzio elektromagnetikoaren printzipioa erabiliz egindako aparatu elektriko estatikoak dira. Transformadorearen jatorrizko bobina AC energiarekin hornitzen denean, fluxu magnetiko txandakatua sortzen da burdinaren nukleoan, hau da, normalean φ bidez adierazten da. Φ bobina primarioetan eta sekundarioan berdinak dira, eta φ funtzio harmoniko sinplea ere bada. Taula φ = φmsinωt da. Faraday indukzio elektromagnetikoaren legearen arabera, indar elektromagnetiko induzitua bobina primarioetan eta sekundarioan e1 = -N1dφ / dt eta e2 = -N2dφ / dt da. Formulan, N1 eta N2 bobinen lehen eta bigarren mailako birak dira. Ikus daiteke U1 = -e1 eta U2 = e2 (jatorrizko bobinaren kantitate fisikoa 1. azpi-azpitik irudikatzen dela eta bigarren mailako bobinaren kantitate fisikoa 2 azpi-azpitik irudikatzen dela). = N1 / N2, transformadorearen transformazio ratioa deritzo. Goiko formulatik, U1 / U2 = -N1 / N2 = -k, hau da, transformadorearen eta bigarren mailako transformadoreen tentsioen balio efektiboaren bira biraren proportzioaren eta bobina primarioaren eta bigarrenaren arteko fase-diferentziaren berdina da. tentsioak π da.
Ondorioztatu da:
U1 / U2 = N1 / N2
Kargarik gabeko korrontea alde batera utz daitekeen kasuan, I1 / I2 = -N2 / N1 dago, hau da, bobina korronte primarioaren eta bigarren mailako balio efektiboa bira kopuruarekin alderantziz proportzionala da eta faseen aldea. π.
Era berean eskuragarri
I1 / I2 = N2 / N1
Transformadore ideal baten bobina primarioen eta bigarren mailako potentzia P1 = P2 berdina da. Erakusten du transformatzaile idealak berak ez duela potentzia galerarik. Benetako eraldatzaileak galerak izaten ditu beti eta bere eraginkortasuna η = P2 / P1 da. Potentzia transformadoreen eraginkortasuna oso altua da,% 90 baino gehiago
Parametroak:
lan maiztasuna
Transformadorearen nukleoaren galerak harreman handia du maiztasunarekin, beraz, erabilera maiztasunaren arabera diseinatu eta erabili beharko litzateke. Maiztasun horri funtzionamendu maiztasuna deritzo.
potentzia nominala
Zehaztutako maiztasun eta tentsioaren azpian, transformadoreak denbora luzez funtziona dezake zehaztutako tenperatura igoeraren irteerako potentzia gainditu gabe.
Tentsio baloratua
Transformadorearen bobinan aplikatzeko baimendutako tentsioari egiten dio erreferentzia, funtzionamenduan zehaztutako balioa baino handiagoa ez dena.
Tentsio erlazioa
Transformadoreen lehen mailako tentsioaren eta bigarren mailako tentsioaren erlazioaren arabera, karga gabeko tentsio erlazioaren eta karga tentsioaren arteko erlazioa dago.
Kargarik gabeko korrontea
Transformadorearen sekundarioa irekita dagoenean, primarioak oraindik korronte jakin bat du. Korrontearen zati horri kargarik gabeko korrontea deritzo. Kargarik gabeko korrontea korronte magnetizatzaileak (fluxu magnetikoa sortzen du) eta burdina galtzearen korronteak (nukleoaren galerak eragindakoa) osatzen dute. 50 Hz-eko potentzia transformadore batentzat, karga gabeko korrontea funtsean korronte magnetizazioaren berdina da.
Karga-galera
Transformadore sekundarioa irekita dagoenean primarioan neurtutako potentzia galerari egiten dio erreferentzia. Galera nagusia koipearen galera da, ondoren karga gabeko korrontearen galera (kobrearen galera) kobrearekiko erresistentzia primarioan. Galeraren zati hori oso txikia da.
eraginkortasuna
Bigarren mailako potentzia P2 eta lehen potentziaren arteko erlazioaren portzentajea aipatzen du. Oro har, zenbat eta transformatzaile potentzia handiagoa izan, orduan eta eraginkortasun handiagoa izango da.
Isolamendu erresistentzia
Transformadorearen bobina bakoitzaren eta bobina bakoitzaren eta burdinaren nukleoaren arteko isolamendu-portaera adierazten du. Isolamenduarekiko erresistentzia maila erabilitako material isolatzailearen errendimendua, tenperatura maila eta hezetasun maila lotzen ditu.
